CALL 911 FIRST if emergency services are available. This page is for backup/offline reference.
Shock
Life-threatening condition where blood/oxygen isn't reaching vital organs. Can result from bleeding, trauma, allergic reaction, infection, or cardiac issues.
Critical Warning
Shock can kill even after the original injury is controlled. Always treat for shock after any serious trauma.
Recognize the Signs
- Pale, cool, clammy skin
- Rapid weak pulse
- Rapid shallow breathing
- Confusion, anxiety, or restlessness
- Thirst, nausea, weakness
- Dilated pupils
- Blue tinge to lips/fingernails
Action Steps
Call 911
Shock requires medical intervention. Always professional help.
Address the cause
Stop bleeding, remove allergen, splint fracture, etc. — whatever triggered the shock.
Lay victim flat on back
Ground is fine. If no spinal injury suspected, this position helps blood return to core.
Elevate legs 12 inches
Prop legs on a backpack, log, or box. Do NOT elevate if head/spine/chest injury, fractured legs, or trouble breathing.
Keep warm
Cover with blankets, coats, or a mylar emergency blanket. Even in hot weather — shock causes temperature regulation failure. Put something between the victim and cold ground.
Monitor breathing and pulse
Check every few minutes. Be ready to start CPR if breathing stops.
Do NOT Do
- Do NOT give food or water — even if they ask for it
- Do NOT move them unless they're in immediate danger
- Do NOT let them sit up or stand
- Do NOT warm too quickly (hot water bottles, near fire) — gradual is safer
Aftercare
Monitor continuously until EMS arrives. Record vital signs (pulse rate, breathing rate, consciousness level) to relay to responders.
When to Get Professional Help
Shock is ALWAYS a 911 emergency. Pre-hospital death rates are high — every minute matters.