CALL 911 FIRST if emergency services are available. This page is for backup/offline reference.
CPR (Adult)
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation for an unconscious adult who is not breathing normally.
Critical Warning
Call 911 (or send someone to call) BEFORE starting CPR if possible.
Recognize the Signs
- Unresponsive — no reaction to shouting or shaking
- Not breathing, or only gasping
- No pulse or uncertain pulse
Action Steps
Check scene safety
Ensure you and the victim are not in immediate danger (fire, traffic, electrical).
Check responsiveness
Tap shoulders firmly and shout 'Are you okay?' If no response, proceed.
Call 911
If alone, call 911 first and put phone on speaker. If someone else is there, have them call while you start compressions.
Position victim
Place on firm, flat surface. Tilt head slightly back, chin up to open airway.
Start compressions
Place heel of one hand on center of chest (between nipples), other hand on top. Push HARD and FAST: 2 inches deep, 100-120 per minute. Let chest fully recoil between compressions.
Rescue breaths (optional)
After 30 compressions, give 2 rescue breaths (pinch nose, mouth-to-mouth, 1 second each) if trained and willing. Hands-only CPR is acceptable.
Continue until help arrives
30 compressions, 2 breaths. Repeat. Don't stop unless the person revives, a defibrillator (AED) arrives, or you physically cannot continue.
Do NOT Do
- Do NOT stop compressions for more than 10 seconds
- Do NOT check pulse repeatedly — it wastes critical time
- Do NOT give up after a few minutes; brain activity can return
- Do NOT be afraid to break ribs — proper CPR sometimes does, survival matters more
Aftercare
Even if the victim revives, they need immediate professional medical evaluation. Keep them lying down, warm, and monitored until EMS arrives.
When to Get Professional Help
ALWAYS call 911 immediately. CPR is a bridge to defibrillation and advanced care — it alone rarely restarts the heart.